Incinerator



United safes Patent o 3,043,248 INCNERA'IOR Norman L. Martin, Lake Quivira, Kans., assigner to Locke Stove Company, Kansas City, Mo., a corporation of Missouri Filed July 2S, 1958, Ser. No. 751,524 3 Claims. (Cl. 110 8) This invention relates to incinerators for burning garbage, trash and similar waste materials, and has for its principal object to provide an incinerator of this character with a compartment wherein the waste materials are burned and the smoke and gases which result are mixed with combustion supporting air and subsequently consumed in passage through a gas iiame to an auxiliary gas burning chamber, and thereby eliminate the discharge of smoke and odors into the atmosphere.

Other objects of the invention are to provide an incinerator that is of simple construction, capable of withstanding high temperatures, and free from clogging.

It is also an object of the invention to provide for Withdrawal of smoke from around the door of the trash burning compartment and eftect passage thereof through the gas burning chamber, thereby eliminating any tendency for leakage of smoke around the door opening.

In accomplishing these and other objects of the invention, I have provided improved structure, the preferred form of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a vertical section through an incinerator embodying the features of the present invention, the section being taken on the line 1 1 of FIG. 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows.

-FIG.' 2 is a horizontal section on the line 2 2 of FIG. 1.

FIG. Bis a vertical section taken at right angles to the section of FIG. l on the line 3 3 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 4 is a horizontal section on the line -4 4 of FIG. l.

'FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the shaker grate.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the afterburner funnel member and the secondary fuel burner prior to installation in the incinerator and shown in their relative positions.

yReferring more in detail to the drawings:

l designates an incinerator constructed in accordance with the present invention for burning garbage, trash and other combustible materials without discharge from the incinerator of smoke and odors ordinarily resulting from burning such materials. The incinerator includes an outer casing 2 having side walls 3 4, a front Wall 5, and a rear wall 6V, supported from the ioor on a base 7. The casing 2 also includes a top 8 joining with the side, front and rear walls by a telescoping joint as indicated at 9, FIGS. 1 and 3. Supported transversely on the base 7 is a bottom 10 suitably connected with the front, rear and sidewalls by a ange 11. Extending transversely above thebottom 10 and terminating short of the rear wall 6 is a grate 12 that cooperates with a transverse partition 13 and the bottom 10 to provide an ash compartment 14 therebetween. The ash compartment has an opening 15 through the front wall 5. The partition 13 extends vertically between the lbottom 10 and the rear edge of the grate in inwardly spaced relation from the rear wall 6 to provide a burner compartment 16 that is closed at the bottom by a horizontally extending plate 17 and at the top by a plate A18 having an opening 19 therethrough, as best shown'in FIG. 1. The opening 19 extends substantially the width of the grate and passes dame from a burner 20 into a gas and smoke burning chamber 21, as later to be described.

3,043,248 Patented July 10, 1952 The smoke burning chamber 21 is separated from the trash burning compartment by a main vertical partition 22 that preferably comprises a cast metal plate having an inturned ange 23 at its lower end for supporting the rear of the grate. Formed in the partition 22 directly above the flange is an opening 24 extending transversely of the partition and which has its 4lower edge provided with an upwardly sloping flange 25 extending outwardly over the burner 20 to direct smoke and gas into the flame from the burner and prevent any ily ash from dropping onto the oriflces of the burner. The upper edge of the opening is provided with a horizontal ilange 26 that provides a ledge for seating one side of an after-burner funnel 27, to be hereinafter described.

The grate 12 includes a marginal portion 28 surrounding a downwardly sloping bowl-like portion 29 having a rectangular opening 30 in the bottom thereof. Mounted in the opening 34) is a shaker plate or grid 31. The marginal portion at the innermost side of the grate slopes downwardly, as at 32, to seat on the inturned flange 23 of the main partition 22. The bowl portion 29 of the grate has apertures 34 in the sides thereof to provide for passage of combustion supporting air from the ash compartment into an upper trash burning compartment 35, which is provided in the housing on the front side of the partition 2?.. The shaker plate 31 is best shown in FIG. 5, and has an arm 36 extending forwardly toward the open end of the ash compartment for shaking the ashes into the ash compartment. 'Ihe ashes are caught in an ash pan 37 that is slidable into the ash compartment and which has a front wall 38 of a size and contour to provide a door 39 for closing the open end of the ash compartment. The door portion 39 is provided Wtih an opening 4@ in registry with the shaker arm. The door also includes a handle 41 by which the pan may be moved into and out of the ash compartment.

The burner 20 includes a longitudinal section 42 which extends the length of the burner compartment and a section 43 that is positioned in the ash compartment below the downwardly inclined marginal portion of the grate, as best shown in FIG. 1. Both sections of the burner are preferably supplied with a fuel mixture through a manifold 44. The manifold is connected with a fuel supply and controls therefor, which for simplicity of illustration are indicated by a simple valve 44', but it is understood that automatic safety controls may be provided, as in other modern gas burning appliances.

In order to protect the walls of the casing in the heat zone of the trash burning `compartment, they 'are preferably -lined with refractory tile, as indicated at 45, .the tile extending from the partition 22, along the sides and front wall of the casing, as best shown in FIG. 2. 'Ih'e remain4 ing portion of the side walls and the rear wall are protected by a lining 46, spaced inwardly from the casing to accommodateV an insulating material 47 therebetween, which may consist ofrock wool or similar heatfresistant material. i Y Y 'Iihe top of the incinerator has a door opening 48 directly over the trash 'burning compartment, through which the trash and other material to be burned is inserted into the incinerator. 'Ihe opening 48 is closed by a door 49 that is suitably hinged at one side to the top. The door 49 includes an inner portion 50 that is spaced from the" outer portion 5.1.

'[he Ainnermost corners of thelgrate 12 are provided with openings 52 and. 53 and extending upwardly therefrom are ducts or iiues 54 land 55, by which air from the ash compartment -is conducted around the trash and discharged into the upper portion of the trash burning compartment Efor mixture with smoke and gases evolved from i the -trash when the incinerator is in operation. Extending downdraft through lthe ue connection. e

between the ducts and having its lower edge seated in a groove-58 (FIG. 1) of the inclined portion 32 of the grate 12 is a secondary partition 57 that extends upwardly from the grate and terminates as the top of the ducts 54 and 55 to cooperate with the particu 22 in providing a down flue or duct 58 that Iconnects with the opening 24 in the lower portion of the main partition. The upper or inlet end of the duct 58 is covered by a screen 59 which permits passage of the smoke, air, and gas for mixture in the downow ductY but which excludes'solid particles of the trash from being drawn out of the trash compartment.

The after-burner funnel 27 is best shown in FIG. 6, and includes `downwardly and outwardly `flaring sides 60-61 and ends 62--63 to provide abase portion 64 of sucient size to [close off the lower prtion of the smoke combustion chamber and to seat lupon the inturned ange 23 of the main partition and a yilange'65` that is fixed to a partition 66 -in the rear of the smoke burning chamber. YThe inclined sides of the member' 27 funnel the mixture through an elongated outlet opening 67 defined by vertical extensions 68 of the sides and ends of `the inclined portions Y60--61 and 62--63 and thus pro- Vide means through which the air, lgas andsmoke mixture is directed into the smoke combustion chamber. The partition 66 Iis spacedV from the inner yface of the rear wall 6 of the casing and joins with the horizontal portion 18 to constitute a dead-air space `69 to supplement ythe insulation afforded by the rock wool. The partition 66 terminates short of the top of the casing 'to leave room in the rear Wall for a check draft device 7 0. Y 'Ihe check draft 70 `comprises acollar 71 that extends laterally through the Wall of the casing, and the outer end 72 thereof is normally closed by a swing ldamper `73 that is responsive to updraft tov conrtrol the draft on the burners, the damper 73 being of a type to close under There may be a tendency for the smoke accumulating in the top Aof Vthe `trash burning compartment to escape through the door 49, and to avoid this dilhculty, a second-Y ary down ilureror tdo'wduct 74 is provided. The down- 110W duct 74 is-provided by a partition 75 that is spaced` from the main partition 22 and which depends from the top 8 `downwardly Vto terminate at a level above the outlet 67 'of the after-burner tunnel 27, thereby bypassing the `Imain downflow duct 58 and after-burner-funnel 27, so that a more direct draftis'provided toajue outlet connection 76 that is located in the top 8 in line with the smoke burning chamber 21'for removingthe smoke that' tends to escape'through the door, particularly the door has not properly seated. y Y x WhenA installed; the incinerator, constructedv Yand assembledY as described, may ibeplaced in any'` location which isconvenient for-connection Vwith a chimney orvr tiue. A gas Vsupply is eonnectedwith the manifold `4d, of`

i' therburner`20 andrthe ineinerator is readyifor operation VrIihe trash,V` Agarbage or other WasteY to bef consumed isi inserted through thedocrlope'ning 48'tjo pileY up upon the grate 12, but leaving space above, the outlet ofV the air ductsf54 and'SS forfmovementf of;Y the smoke Vand gases evolved from the .burning material. UponV completion ofthe chargeythe door'49 is closed 'and the burner is started sothat the-jets ofthe section 43 disohargerarne through Ilthe openings'34 ofthe' grate to dry out and ignite'the' material/thereon and to a maintain combustion responsive to flow of combustion supporting air that is drawn through the door opening 40 Vand from the 'rash Ycomp,artment 14 due to draft through the hue Aconnection' 76. 'Ifhefsmokeand gas evolved from the'burning material'fr'ises responsive to the Adrfaftand .pas-ses through the screen 59 and downwardly through theliueSS vifr disl'charge `through` the outlet 24 below the after-burner funnel `2Y7. Simultaneously with operation of the burner section 43, the jetsrof the section 42idischarge a'a-me across ythe-outlet-'24 and through l-theoutlet opening 67 ,ofV

aoiaaisy 21, thereby resulting in an effective vconsumption of the odors and smoke, so that a smokeless gas is discharged through the ilue connection 76.

In order to promote combustion of the burning gases and smoke in the smoke burningoharnber, the draft also produces a ow of air Ithrough the ducts 54 and 55 which is drawn with lthe smoke :and gasesthrough the screen -59 for mixture in the downllow duct, thereby preparing the smoke and -gases for substantially complete combustion after passing through the after-burner funnel l22'.

If the draft through the flue connection should be greater than that to be maintained by the check draft device 70, the damper 71 will swing open to allow a suflicient amount ofexternal air to enter the Hue to reduce the draft through the burning compartments of the incinerator. In case of downdraft, the damper 73 will automatically close, to prevent any discharge through the check draft device.

After the trash burns down, additional trash may be inserted upon opening of the door 49.

Smoke might tend to escape around the door'49, but this is prevented by draft effected through the downue 74 which carries the smoke directly into the lower portion of the gas burning chamber.

The ashes resulting from burning of the trash in the trash Yburning compartment drop through theopening 34 into the ash pan 37, or the ashes may be manually discharged from Vthe trash burning compartment into the ash pan upon actuation of the shaker grate 31, to clear the trashV burning compartment 35 for an additional charge of material to Vbe consumed. Y

From the foregoing, it is obvious that I have provided an incinerator wherebyV Waste materials are burned and the smoke and gases Which result from the burning materials are subsequently mixed with combustion supporting air, ignited in passage through theV gas flame,- and burned in the smoke burning chamber, thereby eliminating discharge of smoke and odors through the flue connection; l f

It is alsoobvious that means are provided for eliminatingl escape of smoke around `the door 49 by-main-v taining a direct draft Yfr'omthe vicinity `of the doorl into the smoke burning chamber. l

What IV claim Yand desire to secure by Letters Patent isz.

1. An incinerator'including a casing having a trash burning compartment and a smoke burning. chamber, vertical partition means separating said compartment and v said chamber and terminating short of the bottom" of the f casing, a grate extending transversely of the trash burn` ing compartment at the terminal of the partitionmeans and formingrwith the walls of the'casing an ash compartrnent in the'lower portion ofthe casing, said partition means Yhaving an opening near the grate to communicate .theV smoke burning chamberv with the trash burning compartment, a door covering atrash insert opening in thetop of the casingY over the trashburning compartment andsaid vdoor 'having an inner portion providing a supplemental 'closure for said opening, a burner below the grate for directing flame kthrough the grate into the trash burning compartmentV for burning trash therein, asecond partition means extending upwardly from the grate and spaced fromthe first partition onfthe trashrbu'rning side of said rst partition, and terminating Within the upper'gportion of the trashl burning compartment for providing a downue connecting the upper portion ofl the trash burning compartment withrrsaid under the smoke burning chamberV and below the opening for locating the flame therefrom across said'opening in the direct path of the products of combustion issuing through said opening, an afterburner funnel immediately above the opening and having upwardly converging opposite sides extending from said sides of the smoke burning chamber to provide a constricted outlet to assure passage of the products of combustion into contact with said llame from the last named burner and into the portion of the smoke burning chamber above said afterburner to complete consumption of the products of combustion, a vent ue connected with the casing at the upper portion of the smoke burning chamber, and a partition depending from the top of the casing cooperatv ing with the smoke burning side of the first partition means and terminating above the afterburner funnel to provide a downdratt duct bypassing the afterburner funnel, said downdrai't duct having an inlet in communication with said trash insert opening for drawing smoke leaking past the supplemental closure into the burning products of combustion issuing from the afterburner funnel.

2. An incinerator as described lin claim 1 and including an air duct extending upwardly from said grate and having an outlet terminating adjacent the top of the second partition for supplying combustion-supporting air to the products of combustion as they pass into said downtlue.

3. An incinerator including a casing having a trash burning compartment and a smoke burning chamber, vertical partition means separating said trash burning compartment and said smoke burning chamber and terminating short of the bottom of the casing, a grate extending transversely of the trash burning compartment at the terminal of the partition means and forming with walls of the casing an ash compartment in the lower portion of the casing, said partition means having an opening near the grate to connect the smoke burning chamber with the trash burning compartment, a door covering a trash insert opening in the top of the casing extending upwardly from the grate and spaced from the vfirst partition means on the trash burning side of said first partition and terminating WithinY the upper portion of the trash burning compartment for providing a downilue connecting the upper portion of the trash burning compartment with said opening to the smoke burning chamber for conducting products of combustion resulting from burning of the trash into the smoke burning chamber, a burner located under the smoke burning chamber and below the opening for locating the flame therefrom across said opening and int he direct path of the productsA of combustion issuing through said opening, ame and smoke directing means immediately above the opening into the smoke burning chamber and having sides providing aconstricted outlet to assure passage of the products of combustion into contact with said ame from the last named burner and into the portion of the smoke burning chamber above said flame, and smoke directing means to complete consumption of the products of combustion, a vent llue connected with the casing at the upper portion of the smoke burning chamber, and a partition depending from the top of the casing cooperating with the smoke burning side of the rst partition means and terminating substantially at the tlame and smoke directing means to provide a. downdraft duct having an inlet in communication with said trash insert opening for drawing smoke leaking past the supplemental closure into the burning products 'of combustion within the smoke burning chamber.

References Cited in the le of this` patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,137,424 Ricketts Apr. 27, 1915 2,044,085 Laghetto June 16, 1936 2,399,814 Martin May7, 1946 2,545,625 McKinley Mar. 20, 1951 2,752,870 Short et al. July 3, 1956 2,845,882 Bratton Aug. 5, 1958 2,863,406 Anderson Dec. 9, 1958 2,929,342 Young nMar. 22, 1960 FOREIGN PATENTS l 1,136,769 France lan. 7, 1957 

